Discovering a bump on your gums can be unsettling. You might notice it while brushing, flossing, or even running your tongue along your teeth. While not every bump is a sign of something serious, it’s always best to have it checked by a dentist to rule out infection or other oral health issues. There are several possible reasons for a bump on your gums—some harmless, others requiring professional treatment. Here’s what you need to know.
Gum Abscess (Infection)
One of the most common causes of a bump on the gums is a gum abscess, which is a pocket of pus caused by a bacterial infection. It often develops when food particles, plaque, or bacteria become trapped beneath the gumline or near the root of a tooth.
A gum abscess can appear as a small, painful bump that may be red, swollen, and tender. You might also notice a bad taste in your mouth or drainage from the area if the abscess bursts.
What to do: Never try to pop or drain the abscess yourself. Instead, see your dentist as soon as possible. They can clean out the infection and may prescribe antibiotics or recommend a root canal if the infection involves the tooth’s pulp.
Cyst or Growth
A dental cyst is another potential cause of a gum bump. Cysts are fluid-filled sacs that can develop near the roots of dead or impacted teeth. They usually grow slowly and might not cause pain unless they become infected.
In some cases, a benign oral growth (such as a fibroma) can appear due to irritation, injury, or friction from a dental appliance. These bumps are typically harmless but should still be examined to rule out anything more serious.
What to do: Your dentist may recommend an X-ray to determine the cause of the bump and, if necessary, remove or drain the cyst.
Oral Ulcer or Sore
Sometimes, what feels like a bump may actually be a canker sore or ulcer. These small, round sores can appear on the gums, inside the cheeks, or on the tongue. They’re often caused by stress, injury from brushing too hard, or irritation from certain foods.
What to do: Canker sores typically heal on their own within a week or two. Rinsing with warm saltwater, avoiding spicy foods, and using over-the-counter mouth rinses can help soothe discomfort.
Irritation from Dental Appliances
If you wear braces, dentures, or retainers, friction from these appliances can cause small bumps or calluses to form on your gums. Over time, these may develop into irritated areas that can become sore or inflamed.
What to do: Schedule an appointment with your dentist or orthodontist to adjust your appliance. Keeping it clean and fitting properly can prevent further irritation.
Gum Cancer (Rare but Serious)
While less common, persistent or unusual bumps that don’t go away could be a sign of oral cancer. Warning signs include painless lumps, sores that don’t heal, and changes in the color or texture of your gums.
What to do: Early detection is key. If you notice a bump that lasts longer than two weeks or changes in size or appearance, contact your dentist immediately for an evaluation.
A bump on your gums can have many causes—some simple, others more serious. The only way to know for sure is to have it examined by a dental professional. Whether it’s an infection, cyst, or irritation, prompt diagnosis and treatment can help protect your smile and overall health.
About the Author
Dr. Christel Cochell was born and raised in Salem, OR and has nearly two full decades of experience practicing dentistry. She earned her dental degree from OHSU in Portland and also attended the Synergy Training Program, which involved extensive education in planning and restoring dental implants. Today, Dr. Cochell stays current through memberships with the American Dental Association, the Oregon Dental Association, and the Seattle Study Club. Do you have a dental emergency? Don’t delay, schedule an appointment online or call our Salem office at (503) 585-8688.